Mali, Africa’s third-largest gold producer, has announced the establishment of a specialized law enforcement unit to tackle illegal mining by both local and foreign operators, as part of efforts to strengthen oversight of the country’s key economic sector.
The initiative was unveiled following a cabinet meeting on March 12, 2026, where officials reiterated their commitment to reinforcing regulation and control of the mining industry.
The new unit, named the Brigade spéciale des mines, will have judicial powers to conduct inspections, enforce mining laws, and take action against illicit mining activities. Authorities highlighted that challenges such as illegal gold panning, mineral smuggling, and the use of hazardous chemicals persist despite reforms introduced since 2020.
Cracking down on illegal mining
Gold remains Mali’s most significant export and a major source of government revenue, making up the bulk of the country’s foreign earnings. Much of the nation’s gold is exported to international refining hubs in Switzerland, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates.
However, unregulated mining continues to create issues, including environmental damage and lost fiscal revenue. The newly formed brigade is tasked with strengthening law enforcement, carrying out inspections, seizing equipment used in illegal operations, and pursuing legal action against offenders. Authorities also cited concerns about environmental harm, particularly the contamination of water sources and farmland due to banned chemicals.
Mali’s gold sector
Mali hosts several major industrial gold mines operated by international firms, including the Fekola mine (B2Gold) and the Loulo-Gounkoto complex (Barrick Gold), along with other notable sites such as Sadiola, Morila, and Yatela. These operations contribute significantly to Mali’s annual output, which has surpassed 60 tonnes in recent years. The country also has a large artisanal mining sector, providing livelihoods for thousands of rural communities.
Global context
The move comes as global demand for gold continues to rise, with worldwide consumption exceeding 5,000 tonnes in 2025 and prices reaching record highs. For leading producers like Mali, strong regulatory oversight is essential to maintain stable production and ensure compliance with environmental and legal standards.
Across Africa, governments are increasingly reviewing mining policies to manage growing interest in mineral resources.